Alexander K.C. Leung, Wm. Lane M. Robson. Clinical Pediatrics. Dec 1990 v29 n12 p690(3).

Abstract:

Although physicians are frequently consulted about nailbiting, there is little literature available on this subject. Nailbiting is a common habit among children and adolescents. Nailbiting rarely occurs before the age of three, but the incidence begins to rise between three and six years of age. Between 28 and 33 percent of 7- to 10-year-olds bite their nails; this percent rises to 45 percent for teenagers. Nailbiting is related to stress, anxiety, and tension; it also occurs within families and may be a result of imitation. Poorly manicured nails may also contribute to nailbiting. Nailbiting may occur as a substitute for thumbsucking, as a means of oral gratification. Usually the biting is confined to the nails themselves, and most nailbiters do not have a preference for a particular finger. Some nailbiters bite other objects, such as pencils. The intelligence of nailbiters is usually normal. Complications of nailbiting include damage to the cuticle, rough nail edges, bleeding around the nail, and nail deformities. Secondary infection and dental abnormalities such as apical root absorption can be caused by nailbiting. Treatment should be aimed at the cause of the stress; there should be ample opportunity and space for play. Parents who have unrealistic expectations for their children should be advised to perhaps lower these expectations. Well-manicured nails will help prevent nailbiting. Behavior modification techniques, positive reinforcement, and regular follow-up are important as well. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)